{"id":14945,"date":"2025-08-24T16:29:31","date_gmt":"2025-08-24T13:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/?p=14945"},"modified":"2026-08-24T16:32:52","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T13:32:52","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2025\/08\/24\/%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a2%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641: \u0631\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 Encyclopaedia of the Quran (\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 Exegesis of the Quran (\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u063599\u0640142)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646: (\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0648(\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629). \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 (Early Modern and Contemporary) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a (Rotraud Wielandt)\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1938\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 1957\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1954\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1378\/1959.<\/p>\n

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    \n
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      \n
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      \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0640 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0640 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a “\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646” \u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0648”\u062a\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646” (1949-1972) \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631”(1405\/1985\u061b \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a) \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u062e\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a(\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u06cc 716\/1316) \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n

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        \n
      1. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 30 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1345\/1926\u060c \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a [\u062f.\u062a.]\u061b<\/li>\n
      2. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c (\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628 1929-1939)\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623. \u0628\u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 (1944) (\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f: \u062a\u0641\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0647 [\u062f.\u062a.]\u060c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 1965)\u061b<\/li>\n
      3. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1990\u061b<\/li>\n
      4. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c 30 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1984\u061b<\/li>\n
      5. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1349\/1930\u061b<\/li>\n
      6. \u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\/\u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 1990\u061b<\/li>\n
      7. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627 1930\u060c (\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629) \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 1947\u061b<\/li>\n
      8. \u062d\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062c\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1954 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639) 1960 \u06481968 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u061b<\/li>\n
      9. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1297\/1879-1880\u061b<\/li>\n
      10. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1938\u060c (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639) 1957\u061b<\/li>\n
      11. \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1969\u061b<\/li>\n
      12. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c 2 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1962-1969\u061b<\/li>\n
      13. \u0637\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c 26 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1341\/1922\u060c 1350\/1931\u061b<\/li>\n
      14. \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1974\u060c (2) \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 14\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 215-219\u061b<\/li>\n
      15. \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c 11 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1405\/1985\u061b<\/li>\n
      16. \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062c1-6: 1880-1895\u060c \u062c7: 1904\u061b<\/li>\n
      17. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1953\u060c 1965\u061b<\/li>\n
      18. \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1961\u061b<\/li>\n
      19. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1944\u061b<\/li>\n
      20. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c 12 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1962\u061b<\/li>\n
      21. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c 4 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1340\/1922\u061b<\/li>\n
      22. \u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1985\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 63-69\u060c 149-164\u061b<\/li>\n
      23. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1966\u061b<\/li>\n
      24. \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1400\/1980\u061b<\/li>\n
      25. \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1980\u061b<\/li>\n
      26. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c 20 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1393-1394\/1973-1974 (\u062c21\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u062a 1985)\u061b<\/li>\n
      27. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1319\/1901\u061b<\/li>\n
      28. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1322\/1904\u061b<\/li>\n
      29. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c 12 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1324-1353\/1906-1934\u060c (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062c3: 1324\/1906\u060c \u062c1: 1346\/1927\u060c \u062c12: 1353\/1934)\u061b<\/li>\n
      30. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 1963\u061b<\/li>\n
      31. \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 1984\u061b<\/li>\n
      32. \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1945\u061b<\/li>\n
      33. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1407\/1987\u061b<\/li>\n
      34. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629)\u060c 6 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 1949-1972\u061b<\/li>\n
      35. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1378\/1959\u061b<\/li>\n
      36. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 (\u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1321\/1903\u061b<\/li>\n
      37. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0648<\/p>\n

        J.J.G. Jansen\u060c The interpretation of the Quran in modern Egypt\u060c Leiden 1974\u060c 1980.<\/p>\n

        ( 15 )<\/p>\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n
          \n
        1. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 1411\/1991\u061b<\/li>\n
        2. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1391\/1971\u061b<\/li>\n
        3. \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c 3 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1986\u061b<\/li>\n
        4. \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0644\u0637\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1398\/1978\u061b<\/li>\n
        5. \u0648.\u0645. \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 1993\u061b<\/li>\n
        6. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1963\u061b<\/li>\n
        7. \u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1972\u061b<\/li>\n
        8. \u0645. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c [\u062f.\u0645.] 1982\u061b<\/li>\n
        9. \u0645. \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1975\u061b<\/li>\n
        10. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 1408\/1988\u061b<\/li>\n
        11. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1391\/1971\u061b<\/li>\n
        12. \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 1400\/1980 (\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f)\u061b<\/li>\n
        13. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1974\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n
            \n
          1. Muhammad Akbar\u060c The meaning of the Qur\u0635an\u060c Lahore 1967\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            [\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646]<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Zafar Ishaq Ansari\u060c Towards understanding the Qur\u0635an\u060c London\u060c 1408-\/1988\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              [\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646]<\/p>\n

                \n
              1. M.Arkoun\u060c Lectures du Coran\u060c Paris 1982\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                [\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646]<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. id.\u060c “The notion of revelation: From Ahlil-Kit*b to the Societies of the Book”\u060c in WI (Die Welt des Islams) (N.S.) 28 (1988)\u060c 62-89\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  [\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a: \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629]<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  1. H. Hanafi\u060c “Method of Thematic interpretation of the Qur\u0635an”\u060c in S.Wild (ed.)\u060c The Qur\u0635an as text\u060c Leiden 1996\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                    [\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646]<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    1. Sayyid Ahmad\u060c Sir Sayyid Ahmakhan\u0635s Principles of Exegesis: Translated from his Tahrir fi usul al-tafsir\u060c trans. D. Rahbar\u060c in MW (The Muslim World)\u060c 46 (1956)\u060c 104-112\u060c 324-335\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                      [\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646: \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631) \u0644\u0647]<\/p>\n

                      (\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. C.W. Troll\u060c Sayyid Ahmadkhan: A reinterpretation of Muslim theology\u060c (\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u0647\u064a 1978).<\/li>\n
                      2. D. Rahbar\u060c “The Challenge of Modern Ideas and Social Values to Muslim Society: The approach to quranic exegesis”\u060c in MW\u060c 48 (1958)\u060c 247-285\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        [\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a]<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        1. id.\u060c God of Justice: a study in the ethical doctrine of the Quran\u060c Leiden 1960\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                          [\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629]<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Fazlur Rahman\u060c Islam and Modernity: Transformation of an intellectual tradition\u060c Chicago 1982\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            [\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a]<\/p>\n

                            \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629:<\/h4>\n
                              \n
                            1. C. J. Adams\u060c “Abu l-Ala Mawdudis Tafhim al-Quran”\u060c in Andrew Rippin (ed.)\u060c Approaches to the history of the interpretation of the Quran\u060c Oxford 1988\u060c 307-323\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              [\u062a\u0641\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a]<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              1. A. Ahmad and G.E Von Granebaum\u060c Muslim self-statement in India and Pakistan 1857-1968\u060c Wiesbaden 1970\u060c 25-42\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                [\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1857-1968]<\/p>\n

                                  \n
                                1. J. M.S. Baljon\u060c Moern Muslim Koran interpretation (1880-1960)\u060c Leiden 1961\u060c 1968 2 (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a)\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                  [\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 1880-1960]<\/p>\n

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                                  1. id.\u060c “A modern Urdu tafsir”\u060c WI (N.S.)\u060c 2 (1953)\u060c 95-107 (\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f)\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                    [\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f)]<\/p>\n

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                                    1. I.J. Boullata\u060c “Modern Quran exegesis: A Study of Bint al-Shatis method”\u060c in MW\u060c 64 (1974)\u060c 103-114\u061b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                                      [\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626]<\/p>\n

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                                      1. O. Carr\u060c Mystique et politique: Lecture rvolution<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n