{"id":14837,"date":"2026-08-24T11:46:46","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T08:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/?p=14837"},"modified":"2026-08-24T11:46:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T08:46:46","slug":"%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2026\/08\/24\/%d9%86%d9%82%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 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\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2024\/12\/21\/%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%86%d8%a7-%d9%86%d8%a8%d8%b0%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8\/\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> (1979) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0631\u064f\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 (\u062a\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u060c 1392\u060c \u0635 10-9). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a (\u0628\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u060c 1975\u060c \u0635 31-30).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627\u061f\u00bb. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063518). \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627\u061f\u00bb \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063526) \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0644<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a> (\u062a\u0648\u062d\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u060c 1392\u060c \u0635 54 -55).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 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\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631:<\/h2>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0642\u064a \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f (1387). \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 23\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 54-56.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0646\u062f\u0647 (1392). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062c\u0645\u0634\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (1389). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0635 \u0635. 25-54.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a (1380). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627)\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648. (1385). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0648\u063a\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1375). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c (1386). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0626\u0628 (2008). \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u061b \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 (1386). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u060c \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631 (1372). \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>Bhaskar, Roy. (1975) A realist theory of science. New York: Verso Classics.<\/p>\n<p>__________. (1979) The possibility of naturalism. New York: Routledge.<\/p>\n<p>Danermark, Berth, and others. (2002) Explaining Society; Critical realism in the social sciences. London: Routledge.<\/p>\n<p>Fay, Brian and J. Donald Moon (1994) &#8220;What would an adequate philosophy of social science look like?&#8221; In Martin, Michael, and Lee C. McIntyre.<\/p>\n<p>(ed.s) Readings in the Philosophy of Social Sciences, Massachusetts, The MIT Press, pp. 21\u201335.<\/p>\n<p>Hempel, Carl G. (1965), Aspects of Scientific Explanation and other Essays in the Philosophy of Science, New York, The Free Press.<\/p>\n<p>Lewis, D. K. (1991), Parts of Classes, Oxford: Blackwell.<\/p>\n<p>Maeki, Uskali. (2001), The Economic World View; Studies in the Ontology of Economics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Udehn, L. (2001), Methodological Individualism \u2013 Background, History and Meaning, London and New York, Routledge.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>. The Possibility of Naturalism.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>. Roy Bhaskar.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>. Intransitive.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>. Transitive.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>. Actual.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. Real.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>. Retroductive inference.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>. Inferece to the best.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>. Deductive -Nomological.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>. Lowlike.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>. Particular.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>. Universal.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>. Concrete.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>. Abstract.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a 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