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\n

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4. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 (2007 Lash). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u063a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (Heidegger 1993). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

4-1. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629”. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629” [19]<\/a>. \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629. \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 (1867, 1859, Mar). \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0633\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 [20]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 (1959 ,Debreu). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4-2. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0639\u0631. \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0628\u062d. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639. (Debreu, 1959; Hicks) (1939). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644) \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n

4-3. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n

\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644” [21]<\/a>. \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 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\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 [24]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 (1995, Osborne). \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 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“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644”\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (Schumpeter 2021, Swedberg 2006). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 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4-4. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u064a[26]<\/a>: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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5-1. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n

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5-3. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629)<\/h3>\n

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6. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n

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\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0636\u0627 (1390) \u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 (1380) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1387) \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0631\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1392) \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1393) \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1394) \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \/ \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \/ \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1395) \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 (1417\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (1360) \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (1371) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0642\u0645: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0648\u0686\u0643 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0645 (1395) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c (1)\u060c 41-59. \u0645\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0632 (1394) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (8)\u060c 7-28. \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a (1402) \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0637\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 (73)\u060c 187-210. \u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 (1385) \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629 (22). \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 (1373) \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0646 (1)\u060c 1-30. \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627 (1379) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645)\u060c (11) \u0648(12). Debreu, G. (1959). Theory of value: An axiomatic analysis of economic equilibrium. Yale University Press. Hausman, D. & McPherson, M. (2016). Economic analysis, moral philosophy, and public policy (D. Satz, Ed.). Cambridge University Press. Heidegger, M. (1993). Letter on humanism. Basic writings, (204), 189-242. Hicks, J. R. (1939). The foundations of welfare economics. Kincaid, H. (1995), The Empirical Presuppositions of Metaphysical Explanation in Economics, The Monist, 78(3). Lash, S. (2007). Capitalism and metaphysics. Theory, culture & society, 24(5), 1-26. Marx, K. (1859). A contribution to the critique of political economy (Repr). Nabu Press. Osborne, P. (1995). The Politics of Time. London: Verso. Schumpeter, J. A. (2021). The theory of economic development (R. Swedberg, Ed.). Routledge. Simmel, G. (2011). The philosophy of money (D. Frisby, T. Bottomore, & C. Lemert, Eds.). Routledge. Swedberg, R. (2006). Social entrepreneurship: The view of the young Schumpeter (Vol. 3). Edward Elgar Publishing.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>extension<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a>equivalence<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a>equilibrium<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a>phenomenon<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a>intensity<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a>equivalence<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a>disequilibrium<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a>noumenon<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a>efficient cause<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a>material cause<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a>formal cause<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a>final (teleological) cause<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a>Telos<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a>logos<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0635\u062f\u0631 1393\u060c \u0628\u060c \u0635 49 \u064850).<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a>commodity<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a>heart of dialectical materialism<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a>labour<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a>units of labour-time<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a>abstract homogeneous labour-time<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a>atomism<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a>Surplus value<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a>Teleological Cause<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a>Reductionism<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a>Aggregate economic facts<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f (\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a 1360\u060c \u062c 2\u060c \u0635 39)\u061b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 (\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06f1\u06f3\u06f7\u06f1\u060c \u062c \u06f2\u060c \u0635 \u06f1\u06f1\u06f8).<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a>\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0623\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0632\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0638\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":12364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 | \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 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