{"id":14711,"date":"2026-08-22T16:44:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T13:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/?p=14711"},"modified":"2026-08-22T16:44:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T13:44:31","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2026\/08\/22\/%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 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(2012, December 06)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Economic Positivism\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Retrieved from<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/positivists\u200c\u200c. org\/blog\/economic-positivism<\/p>\n<p>Chapra, M\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (1998)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Islam and Economic\u200c Challenge\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. UK\u200c: The Islamic Foundation\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>Colander, D\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (1992\u200c)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. The\u200c Lost\u200c Art of Economics\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Journal of Economic Perspectives,<\/p>\n<p>6(3), 191-198\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>Emmett, R\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (2014)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Economics and Theology after Seperation\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. In P\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Oslington, The<\/p>\n<p>Oxford Handbook\u200c of\u200c Christianity\u200c and Economics (pp\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. 135-149)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Oxford: Oxford<\/p>\n<p>University\u200c Press\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00fclsmann, J\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (2002)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Introduction on the Third Edition:From Value Theory to<\/p>\n<p>Praxeology\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. In L\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Mises, Epistemological Problems of Economics (G\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Reisman\u200c,<\/p>\n<p>Trans\u200c\u200c\u200c. , pp\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. ix-iv)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Ludwig von Mises Institute\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>Machlup, F\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (1978)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Positive and\u200c Normative Economics\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. In F\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Machlup,<\/p>\n<p>Methodology of economics and other social sciences (pp\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. 425-450)\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. New York:<\/p>\n<p>Academic Press\u200c\u200c\u200c. Marx\u200c, K\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (1954\u200c[1867])\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Capital: a critique of political economy\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>Moscow: Progress\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p>Marx, K\u200c\u200c. , &amp;amp\u200c; Engels\u200c, F\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. (1974[1948])\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. Manifesto of the communist party\u200c\u200c\u200c\u200c. New York:<\/p>\n<p>Washington Square Press\u200c\u200c.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>John Neville Keynes<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>Normative economy<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>Applied economics<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>The art of economics<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>positive<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>normative<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>Practical<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>Prescriptive<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>Normative\u200c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>Instrumental<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>Evaluative<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>Normative<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> Instrumental<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":12364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14711","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064a | \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f 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