{"id":14708,"date":"2026-08-22T16:50:23","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T13:50:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/?p=14708"},"modified":"2026-08-22T16:50:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T13:50:23","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2026\/08\/22\/%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 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\u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0645 (\u0635) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. (1363). \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0627 \u067e\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0631\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0635\u0635 147-138.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f. (1374). \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. (1372). \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 320-315.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u200c\u0622\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645. (1368). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a (\u0635). \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 23\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 29-15.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647. (1378). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628: \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631. (1380). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629. (1372). \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. (1372). \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. (1372). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f: \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. (1368). \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646. (1372). \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646. (1372). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631. (1369). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a. (1368). \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645. (1375). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645. (1368). \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631. (1350). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u061b \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u061b \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631. (1357). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061b \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u067e\u0647\u0628\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631. (1376). \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (1380). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0633\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0637\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0636\u0649. (1368). \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (1378). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (1 \u0648 2). \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. (1374). \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0634\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631. (\u062f.\u062a.). \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646. (1411 \u0647. \u0642). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646. (1409\u0647\u0640). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631. (2000). \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630\u0631. (1999). \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0642\u064a. (1380). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a [\u0628\u062d\u062b]\u061b \u0639\u0644\u0645: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>Abu Ali,Sultan. (1992). Islamic Economic System. Lectures on Islamic Economics. Jeddah,IDB.<\/p>\n<p>Abdul Mannan,Mohammad. (1998). Islamic Perspectives on Market Prices and Allocation.<\/p>\n<p>Behdah,Sohrab. (1989). Property Rightsin Contemporary Islamic Economic Thought. A Critical Perspective,P. 185.<\/p>\n<p>Chapra,Mohammad Umar. (2001). What is Islamic Economics. Jeddah,IDB,Second Ed.<\/p>\n<p>Kahf,Mohammad Monzer. (2002). Islamic Economics. Book in Process.<\/p>\n<p>Kahf,Mohammad Monzer. (1989). The Eerly Islamic Pulic Revenues System. Jeddah,IDB.<\/p>\n<p>Khan,Mohsen S. &amp;Mirakhor Abbas. (1989). Reordering The Economic System: A Perspective From The Fundamental Sources of Islam,IMF Working Paper.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran,Timur. (195). Islamic Economic and The Islamic Subeconomy;Journal of Economic Perspectives,Vol. 9,Issue 4,PP. 155-173.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran,Timur. (2001). The Economic Impact of Islamic Fundamenztalism.<\/p>\n<p>Kuran,Timur. (1993). Fundamentalism and the State,University of Chicago,PP. 302-41.<\/p>\n<p>Seddigy Mohammad Nejatullah. (1992). Teaching Economics in An Islamic Perspective,Malazya: Mc Milan.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a (1374) \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a (1372) \u0635 44.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a (1372) \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1350) \u0635 4.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1375) \u0635 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a (1372) \u0635 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1350) \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a (1372) \u0635 64.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a (1368) \u0635 127.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1350) \u0635 8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 55-63.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631 (1378) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 207-218.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f (1374).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a \/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 18-20 \/\u061b \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 77-101 \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a (1374) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 225-6.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0632\u064a (1374) \u0635 226.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649: \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \/ \/Abu Ali,Sultan,p 131-8 Kahf ,Mohammad Monzer, \/ \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1350) \u0635 242.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 243.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 11-22.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a (1369) \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a (1372) \u0635 379.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 59. \u0633\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 &#8220;\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221;(\u0635 9-23).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a&#8221;\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e) \u0635 116.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 23\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 15-29.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> Seddigy Mohammad Nejatullah (1992). P. 1. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Mohammad Abdul Mannan (1998). PP. 213-214. \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u067e\u0648\u0631 (1380). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 28-32.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627: Timur Kuran (1993). \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 41-302. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 (1995)\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627. Sohrab Behdad (1989). P. 185.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 225-6.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> Mohsen S. Khan &amp; amp; Abbass Mirakhor (1989). P. 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 127.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 125.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 165-166.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 165-166.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0635\u062f\u0631 (1368).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a (1363) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 138-147.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 242.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> Mohsin S. Khan &amp; amp; Abbas Mirakhor Ibd.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 228.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 227.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a 11-12.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":12364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14708","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.3) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 | \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f 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name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" 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