{"id":14693,"date":"2026-08-22T15:57:29","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T12:57:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/?p=14693"},"modified":"2026-08-22T15:57:29","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T12:57:29","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/ar\/2026\/08\/22\/%d9%85%d9%86%d9%87%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a: \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 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href=\"https:\/\/mbsadr.ir\/research\/articles\/economics\/hahid-sadr-methodology-islamic-economics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u061b \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631<\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 <a 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0629: kantian\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u00bb (Logic) \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644: Argumentation\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>2. \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a (1392) \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 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\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u06cc\u0628\u06cc\u060c 1392).<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064a (1392)\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629: critical realism\u00bb \u0644\u0640 \u00ab\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631: Bhaskar\u00bb. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627\u061f\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u00ab\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 (empirical) (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a (actual) (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a (the real) (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629). \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631 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\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u060c \u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0633\u200c\u060c 1376\u200c\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u200c\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u200c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af\u06cc.<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c 1387\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u200c \u200c\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>Viskovatoff, Alex, 2000, Critical Realism from\u200c a Kantian\u200c Point\u200c of View,unpublished.<\/p>\n<p>_____ , 2002, Critical realism and Kantian\u200c transcendental\u200c arguments, Camb. J. Econ. 26 (6), P. 697 \u2013 708.<\/p>\n<p>Klotz, Christian, 2007, The legitimating fact in the transcendental deduction of the categories\u200c. On\u200c Dieter\u200c Henrich\u2019s reading of Kant,Translation from Kriterion, Belo Horizonte, Vol\u200c. 48, No. 115, P. 145 &#8211; 165.<\/p>\n<p>Henrich, Dieter, 1998, Kant\u2019s Notion of a Deduction and the Methodological Background of the\u200c First\u200c Critique\u200c, Kant\u2019s Transcendental Deductions. Ed. F\u0151rster, Eckart.Stanford: Stanford University Press.<\/p>\n<p>Leppakoski\u200c, Markku\u200c, 1993, THE TRANSCENDENTAL HOW, Kant&#8217;s transcendental deduction of objective cognition, Doctoral Dissertation, Department of Philosophy UnIversity\u200c of\u200c Stockholm\u200c S-106 91 Stockholm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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