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\n

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\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0628) \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

(\u0623\u060c \u062c\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645\u060c \u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a (\u0628) \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u062f) \u0648 (\u0647\u0640).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a (\u0628) \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u062f) \u0648 (\u0645) \u0648 (\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629: \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a (\u0628) \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629: \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a (\u0628) \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u0645).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644: \u0623 + \u062f + \u0647\u0640 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0623 + \u062f + \u0645 + \u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b: \u0623 + \u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639: \u0623 + \u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (\u0623) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a (\u0628)\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

1\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

2\u0640 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

3\u0640 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

4\u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648. \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647: \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0623) \u0645\u0639 (\u0628) \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0623) \u0628\u0640 (\u0628) \u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 – \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b – \u0627\u0646 (\u0628) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (\u0623\u060c \u062c\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062c\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640)\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0623) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0640 (\u0628). \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0623 + \u062c + \u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u062c + \u062f\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062c + \u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0623) \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640 (\u0628). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0623 + \u062c + \u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0623 + \u062c + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0623 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u062c + \u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062c + \u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u062f + \u0647\u0640\u00a0 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0623) \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640 (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (\u0623) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u062c\u060c \u062f\u060c \u0647\u0640\u060c \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (\u0628) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (\u0644\u060c \u0643\u060c \u0633\u060c \u0635)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u062c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0644.<\/p>\n

\u062f \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0640 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0635.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0646 (\u0623) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0640 (\u0628).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 (\u0623) \u0648 (\u0628)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0648\u0621\u0629 – \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 – \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0623) \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0628) \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

1\u0640 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636.<\/p>\n

2\u0640 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

3\u0640 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0632\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629[41]<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

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\u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 = \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u203a\u203a[43]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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1\u0640 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644[78]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629[79]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649[80]<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a – \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 – \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 – \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 – \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

1\u0640 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

2\u0640 \u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

3\u0640 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (\u062d)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (\u0636)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (\u0644\u0627)\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u062d = \u062a = \u0636 = \u0644\u0627<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n

\u0636 > \u0644\u0627 > \u062a = \u062d<\/p>\n

\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0622\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639[92]<\/a>. \u0648\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0630\u0628[93]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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1\u0640 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

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\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0622\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629[108]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a[109]<\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 – \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a -\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u060c 1354\u0647\u0640\u060c \u0635419\u0640421.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1958\u0645\u060c \u063513.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644: \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635141.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u063575.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> J.S. Mill, \u2018Of The Ground of Induction\u2019, in: Madden, The structure of Scientific Thought, Great Britian,1968, p.294.<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063576.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c 1970\u0645\u060c \u0635245.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u060c \u0635142\u0640143.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063578\u064079.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635398\u0640399 \u0648410.<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> D.C. Stove, The Rationality of Induction, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986, p.45.<\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063579\u064080.<\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c 1970\u0645\u060c \u0635145.<\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635146.<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635147.<\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635263.<\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0635263.<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u060c \u0635145\u0640148. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0635262 .<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0635228\u0640229.<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063587.<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0644\u060c \u0635144\u0640145.<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> I. Hacking, The Emergency of Probability, Cambridge University Press, 1975, p.31. And see also: J. Katz, The Problem of Induction and its Solution, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1962, p.17.<\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (Stove; p.14).<\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> Katz; p.45.<\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> C. Wesley Salmon, \u2018The Concept of Inductive Evidence\u2019, in: Swinburne, Intruduction; The Justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, 1974, p.49.<\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> Katz; p.99. .<\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> L. Jonathan Cohen, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Induction and Probability, Oxford University Press, New York, 1989, p. 176\u0640177. .<\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> Katz; p.43. .<\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> Stove; p.8.<\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> \u0628\u0631\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0644: \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f (72)\u060c 1983\u0645\u060c \u062c2 \u060c \u0635219.<\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> Richard Swinburne, Introduction; The Justification of Induction. edited by Swinburne, Oxford University Press, 1974, p.13. .<\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> Madden, \u2018Introduction; The Riddle of Induction\u2019, in: The Structure of Scientific Thought, Great Britian, 1968, p.288\u0640289.<\/p>\n

\n

[33]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635243\u0640244. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

John Hospers, An Introduction to Philosophical Analysis, 3rd. ed. London, p.199. .<\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> Stove; p.8.<\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u063579\u064080.<\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> \u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b\u061b \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a (\u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u063580\u064081).<\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635240. \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643: \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u063571\u064072 \u064886.<\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063585.<\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635239.<\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> Cohen; 1989; p.178\u0640179. .<\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635111\u0648114.<\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063578\u064079.<\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635117).<\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c2 \u060c \u0635140\u0640141.<\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635275.<\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> \u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0640 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0640 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061b \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u2039\u2039\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0644.. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u203a\u203a(\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u062a\u0647\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0635239).<\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0635121.<\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635123.<\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635103\u0640109 \u0648124\u0640126.<\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063522\u0640124.<\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635120 \u0640122.<\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635118\u0640119.<\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635325\u0640327.<\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a: \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0635214 \u0648957).<\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063545\u064046.<\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u063553.<\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> Henry E. Jr. Kyburg, Probability and Inductive, Printed in the U.S.A, 1970, p.84\u064085.<\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> S. F. Barker, Induction and Hypothesis, Cornell University Press, First Published 1975, Third Printing 1967, New York, p.87\u064089. .<\/p>\n

[59]<\/a> Bertrand Russell, \u2018On Induction\u2019, in: The Justification of Induction, ed. by Swinburne, Oxford University Press, 1974, p.24.<\/p>\n

[60]<\/a> Ibid; p.21\u064022.<\/p>\n

[61]<\/a> Bertrand Russell, \u2018Non\u0640Demonstrative Inference and Induction\u2019, in: Madden; p.322\u0640323. See also: Paul Edwards, \u2018Russell\u0635s Doubts About Induction\u2019 in: Swinburne, Intruduction; The Justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, p.41.<\/p>\n

[62]<\/a> Russell; 1974; p.24.<\/p>\n

[63]<\/a> Russell, Human Knowledge, London, 1948, p.328\u0640329.<\/p>\n

[64]<\/a> \u0639\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c \u0641\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a (19)\u060c \u0635305.<\/p>\n

[65]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635305.<\/p>\n

[66]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063588 \u0648212.<\/p>\n

[67]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635206\u0640207.<\/p>\n

[68]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635212.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\u00a0[69] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635215. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

Lenz, \u2018The Pragmatic Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Madden; p.299.<\/p>\n

[70]<\/a> S. Charles Peirce, \u2018Induction as Experimental and Self\u0640Corrective\u2019, in: Madden; p.297.<\/p>\n

[71]<\/a> R. B. Braithwaite, \u2018The Predictionist Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Swinburne, Introduction; The Justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, 1974, p.102.<\/p>\n

[72]<\/a> Madden, \u0632Introduction; The Riddle of Induction\u0633, p.289\u0640290. .<\/p>\n

[73]<\/a> C. Wesley, Salmon, \u2018The Pragmatic Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Swinburne, Intruduction; The Justification of Induction, Oxford University Press, 1974, p.86. .<\/p>\n

[74]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635215. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n

Katz; p.59. .<\/p>\n

[75]<\/a> \u00a0\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

[76]<\/a> Madden, \u2018Introduction; The Riddle of Induction\u2019, p.320. See also: Lenz, \u2018The Pragmatic Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Madden; p.301.<\/p>\n

[77]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063591\u064092.<\/p>\n

[78]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635503.<\/p>\n

[79]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635106.<\/p>\n

[80]<\/a> \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 (\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u063593\u064094).<\/p>\n

[81]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635502.<\/p>\n

[82]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635215.<\/p>\n

[83]<\/a> Salmon, \u2018The Concept of Inductive Evidence\u2019, in: Swinburne; p.14\u064015.<\/p>\n

[84]<\/a> Lenz, \u2018The Pragmatic Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Madden; p.300. And: Katz; p.61\u064062.<\/p>\n

[85]<\/a> Katz; p.53.<\/p>\n

[86]<\/a> \u00a0Kyburg; 1970; p.48\u064049.<\/p>\n

[87]<\/a> Lenz, \u2018The Pragmatic Justification of Induction\u2019, in: Madden; p.98\u064099.<\/p>\n

[88]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635196.<\/p>\n

[89]<\/a> \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635176.<\/p>\n

[90]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635128\u0640129.<\/p>\n

[91]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635227.<\/p>\n

[92]<\/a> \u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062c \u0641\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635358.<\/p>\n

[93]<\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063554\u064065.<\/p>\n

[94]<\/a> \u0632\u0643\u064a \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u060c \u063594.<\/p>\n

[95]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635226.<\/p>\n

[96]<\/a> \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0635507. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

[97]<\/a> \u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1983\u060c \u0635233\u0640234.<\/p>\n

[98]<\/a> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0635283.<\/p>\n

[99]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063566\u064067.<\/p>\n

[100]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063564.<\/p>\n

[101]<\/a> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0635388.<\/p>\n

[102]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063578.<\/p>\n

[103]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u063570 \u064881.<\/p>\n

[104]<\/a> Imre Lakatos, \u2018Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research programmes\u2019, 1969, in: The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes. Philosophical Papers, volume 1. edited by Worrall and Currie, Cambridge University Press, reprinted 1984, p.13\u064014.<\/p>\n

[105]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u063570.<\/p>\n

[106]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063588.<\/p>\n

[107]<\/a> Nicholas Maxwell, The Comprehensibility of the Universe, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998, p.37\u064038.<\/p>\n

[108]<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063584.<\/p>\n

[109]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0635119.<\/p>\n

[i]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u063574.<\/p>\n

[ii]<\/a> \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062e: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635102.<\/p>\n

[iii]<\/a> \u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0643\u0631\u0645: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c 1966\u0645\u060c \u063550.<\/p>\n

[iv]<\/a> \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063583.<\/p>\n

[v]<\/a> \u0627\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646: \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1980\u0645\u060c \u0635137\u0640139.<\/p>\n

[vi]<\/a> \u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0635174\u0640175.<\/p>\n

[vii]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635167.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u2039\u2039\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u203a\u203a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b 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